Irony is a very significant element in literature. However, the meaning of irony is often confused with a simple 'coincidence'. Irony is a figure of speech in which the intended meaning and the actual meaning differ. There are four major types of irony. These consist of situational irony, verbal irony, dramatic irony, and tragic irony. Irony involves a difference or contrast between appearance and reality. Examples of situational and dramatic irony includes what is and what ought to be, what is and what seems to be, what is and what one wishes to be, and what is and what one expects to be. The three most common types of irony include verbal, situational, and dramatic.